Incidencia y factores asociados a sepsis en victimas quemadas internadas en un hospital brasileño / Incidence and factors associated with sepsis in burned victims admitted to a Brazilian hospital

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia de sepsis y los factores asociados en las víctimas de quemaduras. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo, en que el diagnóstico de sepsis fue confirmado por los criterios de definición de sepsis de la Asociación Americana de Quemaduras. Se investigó la asociación entre sepsis y las características del paciente, las quemaduras y el tiempo de hospitalización. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de sepsis fue 14,5% (n=27) de los pacientes y 77,7% (n=21) evolucionaron para alta hospitalaria. La incidencia de sepsis fue asociada con el porcentaje de superficie corporal quemada mayor que 10% (p<0,001) y una estadía hospitalaria mayor que 10 días (p<0,001). La mortalidad fue mayor en pacientes con sepsis (p=0,002). Hubo un cambio en la frecuencia de prescripción de antimicrobianos con el diagnóstico de sepsis, algunos foram prescritos solamente antes (ciprofloxacina, cefalotina, ceftriaxona, amoxicilina y gentamicina) y otros solamente durante el episodio de sepsis (tigeciclina, piperacilina y tazobactam, fluconazol y linezolida). CONCLUSIÓN: La incidencia de sepsis fue baja y está asociada con muerte. Se identifico que, el porcentaje de superficie corporal quemada y la duración de la estadía hospitalaria, están significativamente asociados con la incidencia de sepsis. La sepsis cambió el perfil del uso de antimicrobianos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of sepsis and factors associated with casualties of burns. METHODS: This is a retrospective study, in which the diagnosis of sepsis was confirmed by the criteria for definition of sepsis of the American Association of Burns. If we investigate the association between sepsis and patient characteristics, burns and hospitalization time. RESULTS: The incidence of sepsis was 14.5% (n=27) of patients and 77.7% (n=21) evolved to hospital discharge. The incidence of sepsis was associated with a body surface area percentage greater than 10% (p<0.001) and a greater state than 10 days (p <0.001). Mortality was higher in patients with sepsis (p=0.002). There was the change of antimicrobial profile. Same medicines was used only before the diagnosis (ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin and gentamicin) and other only after the sepsis diagnosis (tigecycline, piperacillin and tazobactam, fluconazol and linezolida). CONCLUSION: The incidence of sepsis is low and is associated with the disease. It has been found that the percentage of body surface burned and the length of hospital stay is significantly associated with the incidence of sepsis. The sepsis causes the change of antimicrobial use profile.

Cost of antimicrobial treatment in patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms in the Intensive Care Unit / Costo de la terapia antimicrobiana en pacientes infectados con microorganismos multirresistentes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

This study aims to compare the costs of antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) or those not infected with this type of organisms in an intensive care unit (ICU). It is a retrospective comparative case-control study, performed in a public hospital in the capital city of Brazil, comprising the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Information on age, sex, length of hospitalization, clinical outcome, antimicrobial drugs, microorganisms and microbial sensitivity to antibiotics was collected. Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The sample consisted of 401 patients with a mean age of 51.36 years (± 19.68) being 226 (56.4%) male. As for the length of stay, 32.9% of the patients remained more than 20 days, with 195 discharged and 206 deaths. Global cost of antimicrobial treatment was US$ 1113 221.55 during the three year period. Treatment cost for patients with MDRO was higher than for those without (p = 0.010). At least one MDR strain was isolated in 54.6% of the patients. According to these results, nosocomial infections due to MDRO and the high costs involved may endanger the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in ICU and Health Centers.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los costos del tratamiento con fármacos antimicrobianos para las infecciones debidas a organismos multirresistentes (OMDR) versus aquellas debidas a gérmenes no multirresistentes, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital público de Brasilia, Distrito Federal. Fue un estudio retrospectivo, de casos y controles y abarcó un período de tres años (2007, 2008, 2009). Se recolectó información sobre edad, sexo, tiempo de internación, resultados clínicos, antimicrobianos usados, microorganismos aislados y su sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Se utilizaron en el análisis estadístico las pruebas de Spearman y de Mann-Whitney, con p < 0.05. La muestra consistió en 401 pacientes con media de edad de 51.36 años (± 19.68), siendo 226 varones (56.4%). En cuanto al tiempo de internación, un 32.9% de los pacientes permanecieron más de 20 días, con 195 altas y 206 óbitos. El tratamiento antimicrobiano costó US$ 1113 221.55 en los tres años, siendo éste mayor para los que presentaron OMDR que para los que no los presentaron (p = 0.01). Se comprobó la presencia de, por lo menos, un microorganismo multirresistente en el 54.6% de los pacientes. La infección intrahospitalaria con OMDR y el elevado costo del tratamiento de los pacientes infectados con estos microorganismos puede comprometer la efectividad de la terapia antimicrobiana en estas Unidades y Centros de Salud.

Albuminemia e terapia medicamentosa no prognóstico de idosos hospitalizados / Albumin and drug therapy in the prognosis of hospitalized elderly

OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a relação entre os níveis de albumina sérica, medicamentos utilizados, tempo de internação e número de doenças com o prognóstico de indivíduos idosos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal e retrospectivo por meio de revisão de prontuários. Foram coletadas variáveis tais como: doença motivadora da internação, albuminemia, medicamentos utilizados e sua afinidade com a albumina e tempo de internação em uma população de idosos de um hospital público brasileiro. Foi utilizada a regressão múltipla para avaliar se a idade, dias de internação, medicamento com e sem afinidade a albumina, número de doenças motivadoras da internação foram preditores do óbito. A relação entre a variável dependente e as independentes foi analisada por Two-way ANOVA. RESULTADOS: A amostra constituiu-se de 277 idosos, sendo 151 com hipoalbuminemia e sob uso de em média 6,6±3,80 medicamentos diferentes cuja maioria apresentava afinidade pela albumina (4,96 ± 2,64). Os resultados demonstraram que o número de medicamentos com afinidade a albumina, a albuminemia e o período de internação foram preditores do óbito (r=0.47; R2= 0.224), (F(8.170) = 6.13; p=0.001). A relação entre a variável dependente e as independentes resultou na equação matemática: (óbito= 0,545 - 0,374 (albuminemia) - 0,195 (dias de internação) + 0,175 (número de medicamentos com afinidade à albumina)). CONCLUSÃO: A equação obtida para este estudo demonstrou que a albuminemia e os dias de internação foram inversamente correlacionados ao óbito e diretamente correlacionados com o elevado número de medicamentos ligados à albumina.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum albumin levels, drugs used, length of hospitalization and number of diseases with the prognosis of hospitalized elderly. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using a review of medical charts. Variables collected were disease motivating admission, albumin, drugs used and their affinity for albumin and length of stay in an elderly population of a Brazilian public hospital. We used multiple regression to assess whether age, length of stay, medication with or without affinity to albumin and number of drugs motivating admission were causes of death. The relation between dependent and independent variables was analyzed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 277 elderly, 151 with hypoalbuminemia and those using an average of 6.6 ± 3.80 different prescription drugs most of which had affinity for albumin (4.96 ± 2.64). Results showed that the number of drugs with affinity for albumin and hospital stay were predictors of death (r = 0.47, R2 = 0.224), (F(8.170) = 6.13; p=0.001). The relation between dependent and independent variables resulted in the mathematical equation: (death= 0.545 - 0.374 (albumin) - 0.195 (days of hospitalization) + 0.175 (number of drugs with affinity for albumin)). CONCLUSION: The mathematical equation obtained by this study demonstrated that albumin and days of hospitalization were inversely correlated with death and directly correlated with the number of drugs bound to albumin.